1. External Thermal Faults External thermal faults in electrical equipment typically occur due to poor crimping or loose connections, especially when large currents are involved. These issues cause the joint temperature to rise, increasing contact resistance and creating a vicious cycle that leads to potential hazards. More than 90% of external thermal faults fall into this category. Analyzing thousands of cases over recent years, it’s clear that clamps and blade contacts account for 77% of all external thermal faults, with an average temperature increase of about 30°C. The average temperature rise at external joints ranges between 20°C and 25°C. Based on testing experience, these external faults can be categorized as minor, moderate, or severe depending on the temperature rise. 2. Internal Thermal Faults Internal thermal faults in high-voltage electrical equipment are characterized by the fault being enclosed within insulating materials or metal casings. For example, in cables, internal thermal faults often develop over a long period and tend to be relatively stable. Heat is transferred through the conductor or surrounding insulation, causing localized temperature increases. This makes it possible to diagnose internal faults in high-voltage equipment—such as cables—by monitoring the temperature of the surrounding materials. 3. Overheating Faults in Cables According to the analysis of power accidents, cable overheating can lead to large-scale fires, resulting in forced shutdowns and prolonged production downtime, which causes significant economic losses. Through accident investigations, it has been found that overheating at the cable joint is often the direct cause of such fires. This occurs when the joint pressure is not sufficient, oxidation is excessive, or contact resistance is too high. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause insulation degradation and breakdown, eventually leading to a fire. 4. Prediction Methods for Cable Overheating Faults Based on the characteristics of cable overheating faults, an effective preventive measure is to monitor the temperature of the cable joint in real-time. By analyzing the temperature trend, it’s possible to assess the aging condition of the joint and issue early warnings before a failure actually occurs. Most overheated joints are found in high-voltage cables rated at 6kV or higher. Due to the high voltage level, conventional temperature sensors may not meet safety requirements. Traditional fiber optic temperature measurement systems also have limitations, such as long scanning times. The PIONEER-P fiber grating temperature measurement system is the ideal solution for monitoring overheating faults in high-voltage live equipment, offering both accuracy and safety. All Aluminum Alloy Conductor,Aaac Conductor,Aluminum Alloy Wire,All Aluminum Alloy Wire HENAN QIFAN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. , https://www.hnqifancable.com