Figure: Composition of mobile power products The mobile power supply has large capacity and is easy to use. As portable devices enter the life, the application of mobile power will be more extensive. How to choose mobile power? First, choose the battery The quality of the battery core is flawed, and the design of other accessories is excellent, so the quality of the mobile power supply cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the battery core is the most important part of the mobile power supply and is the primary choice. At present, there are two types of mobile power batteries, one is a 18650 lithium ion battery, and the other is a lithium polymer battery. Question 1: What is the 18650 lithium ion battery? 18650 originally refers to the shape of the battery, diameter 18mm, height 650mm. Now I am referring to the lithium-ion battery like the No. 5 battery. This type of battery has high energy storage efficiency, theoretical energy storage times of 1000 times, no toxic substances, absolutely safe and environmentally friendly. 18650 battery structure Due to the use of liquid electrolyte, the 18650 lithium battery has a sudden increase in internal pressure when overcharge (overcharge) occurs. In order to avoid an explosion, usually 18650 batteries will be equipped with a safety valve at the top. When the internal pressure of the battery is too large, the safety valve at the top will automatically pop out to relieve the pressure. However, even if the safety valve pops up, the battery core will not explode, but the lithium ion gas leaking inside the battery core will still be ignited due to contact with oxygen. In order to reduce the risk of fire, 18650 lithium batteries must be equipped with a protection IC to prevent overcharging (overdischarge). Question 2: What is a lithium polymer battery? The polymer lithium battery core uses a solid lithium polymer as a medium for better energy storage. The lithium ion in the solid polymer does not have high conductivity at normal temperature, and there is no need to worry about the memory effect of the battery or the loss of power when it is not used for a long time. In addition, the polymer lithium battery cell under overcharge or short circuit, only the internal material dissolves in the bulge, there is almost no open flame and explosion, and the possibility of theoretical danger is very small. Question 3: What is the difference between 18650 lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries? Compared with a lithium ion battery using a liquid electrolyte, a lithium polymer battery using a solid polymer electrolyte is characterized by an ultra-thin shape in shape, and an arbitrary shape and an arbitrary area. This makes it possible to make a mobile power supply of any shape and capacity. Lithium polymer batteries using solid polymer electrolytes have higher energy density than ordinary lithium ion batteries, which means that lithium polymer batteries have lighter weight and higher in the same volume. The advantages of the capacity. However, the production cost of polymer lithium batteries is relatively high. Question 4: What is the difference between A, B and C? The cell industry has a classification rating for cell quality - Class A, Class B and Class C. Class A is a new quality qualified battery; Class B is a battery that has been in stock for more than three months or has been repaired; battery manufacturers are generally selling A-class batteries, but due to overcapacity, product extrusion in stock. Inventories of more than 3 months will decay to Class B due to the chemical characteristics of the cells. Buying mobile power should pay attention to the battery production date. The B-level price is relatively low, but the recession is very fast. Class C is a battery that has been dismantled from electronic waste (notebooks, mobile phones, power tools, electric vehicles, etc.) that have been purchased from foreign countries. There are serious quality problems and they are the types of batteries that should be eliminated. The dangerous performance of mobile power is first manifested on the battery. Leakage may directly cause chemical corrosion hazard to the human body, or cause internal insulation failure of battery-powered electronic products to indirectly cause electric shock, fire, etc.; environmental pollution of the battery components will directly cause radiation to the human body, or use environmental pollution or Recycling environmental damage. Second, the protection circuit board 2.1 Protecting the cost and function of the board The design of the protection circuit board generally requires protection functions such as overcurrent, overload, overcharge, overdischarge, etc., and should have short circuit protection. The energy output by the cell is boosted by the protection circuit board inside the mobile power supply and finally reaches the output. Different mobile power supplies have different design, workmanship and materials for the protection circuit board. The high-quality protection circuit board not only has charging and discharging circuits, but also functions of protection circuits such as over-charging, over-discharging and over-current. The quality of the electronic components used is different, and the natural cost will vary greatly. Direct charge type protection circuit board: wholesale price is between 8-10 yuan. Intelligent protection type protection circuit board: wholesale price is between 12-15 yuan. The short circuit protection of the mobile power supply refers to the protection measure of the mobile power supply's own protection mechanism to make the output of the shutdown when a short circuit occurs at the load end of the mobile power supply. At present, there are two types of short-circuit protection for mobile power supplies. One is the short-circuit protection of the lithium-ion protection IC itself, and the other is the short-circuit protection by the MCU to turn off the output. Some mobile power short-circuit protection is only done by the lithium-ion protection IC. In this way, after the short-circuit protection occurs, the mobile power supply needs to be charged by the charger to de-protect; some mobile power supplies have a double-layer short-circuit protection mechanism, when a short circuit occurs, The protection action is first made by the MCU. Under special conditions, the lithium battery protection IC will protect. After the short circuit protection of the mobile power supply, generally only need to remove the short circuit load or press the button once to return to normal. To solve the protection, it is more convenient to use. 2.2 Hidden accidents caused by protection circuits Many low-cost mobile power supplies ignore the protection circuit. Due to the design defects of the protection circuit and the cut-off of the work, the mobile power supply cannot be activated under the unexpected conditions of overvoltage, overload, short circuit, etc., or the mobile power supply strikes directly, or because it is too large. Current, or unstable voltage, causes a vicious accident such as a mobile power explosion or fire. Or damage the electronic device being charged. Some users often charge the mobile power supply over time, which may damage the protection circuit due to overheating, etc., and there are serious security risks in long-term use. During the charging process of the power adapter itself, the power adapter may cause electric shock due to leakage of the power adapter.
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