I understand the difference between the leakage switch and the air switch.

Many people confuse the concepts of leakage switches and air switches, not realizing that they serve different purposes. Although both are types of electrical switches, their functions and applications are quite distinct. In this article, we'll explore the differences and connections between them to help you better understand how each one works.

Air Switch (Circuit Breaker): An air switch, also known as a circuit breaker, is a low-voltage electrical device with a rated working voltage of up to 1kV. It is designed to automatically disconnect the circuit when there's an overcurrent, short circuit, or other abnormal conditions. The main function of an air switch is to protect the electrical system from damage caused by excessive current. It can also provide optional features like under-voltage protection or remote disconnection. However, it does not detect ground faults or leakage currents.

Air Switch
Leakage Switch (RCD - Residual Current Device): A leakage switch, more accurately called a residual current device (RCD), is a specialized type of switch that detects imbalances in the current flowing through the live and neutral wires. It is particularly effective at identifying ground faults and preventing electric shocks. RCDs are sensitive enough to detect even small leakage currents, typically measured in milliamperes (mA). This makes them ideal for protecting people from direct contact with live parts.

RCD

Two Important Parameters of RCD:

30mA: This refers to the operating current level of the RCD. Human bodyâ€™s perception threshold is around 1 mA, while a current above 50 mA can be dangerous, and over 100 mA may be fatal. Thatâ€™s why most RCDs are set to trip at 30 mA or lower, providing a high level of safety against electric shock.
0.1 seconds: The heart is most vulnerable to electric current during its brief pause between beatsâ€”approximately 0.1 seconds. If a current passes through the heart during this time, even a small amount can cause serious harm. This is why RCDs are designed to act quickly, usually within 0.1 seconds, to cut off the power before any harm occurs.

Three-phase Leakage
Different Detection Methods: The leakage switch (RCD) detects the imbalance between the live and neutral currents. It measures the residual current, which is the difference between the incoming and outgoing currents in the circuit. If there is a leakage, such as a single line-to-ground fault, the RCD will trip and cut off the power. On the other hand, an air switch operates based on overcurrent detection. It trips when the current exceeds a safe limit due to a short circuit or overload. It doesnâ€™t monitor for ground faults or leakage, so it cannot protect against electric shocks. In summary, air switches are used to protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits, while leakage switches protect people from electric shocks. For fire prevention, an air switch is essential. To prevent electrocution, a leakage switch must be installed. Both play important roles in ensuring electrical safety in homes and industrial settings.
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