A battery is an energy storage device for an electric vehicle, which may be damaged or internally short-circuited during a collision, causing a local temperature rise, and there is a risk of an extremely dangerous accident such as a fire or even an explosion. The state has developed various test standards for power batteries to ensure that the power battery can work normally and safely while the car is in motion. However, in addition to the safety of the battery itself, the arrangement of the battery also affects the collision safety of the electric vehicle, especially for small and lightweight electric vehicles. Why? The power battery is the heaviest part of the electric car For a conventional internal combustion engine-powered car, the engine is the heaviest component of the vehicle, weighing 100 to 400 kg. For electric vehicles, the quality and volume of the motor used to provide power is much smaller than that of the engine of the diesel locomotive. The power battery pack is the heaviest component of the electric vehicle because of the current energy density and power density of the battery. Low, need more batteries to meet the mileage of electric vehicles. For example, in the 900kg Smart Fortwo ED, the battery components weigh 200kg, about 20% of the total weight, and the battery components on the general electric vehicles on the market will be more Heavy, the battery pack on the Tesla Model S weighs 550 kg, which is about 26% of the total weight. How does the power battery arrangement affect the collision safety of the whole vehicle? Large-mass parts will affect the center of mass of the vehicle and have a large inertia force during the collision. Therefore, the arrangement of large-quality components such as power batteries will greatly affect the collision safety of the vehicle. Common arrangements for batteries in electric vehicles include T-shaped arrangements, floor planing and trunk arrangements. So, specifically, how can these different arrangements of power batteries affect the collision safety of the entire vehicle? During the collision process, the motion of the car is very complicated. It is not just the translation of the front end energy absorption zone along the x-axis (the coordinate system is shown in Figure 6), but there is a roll around the x-axis and around the y-axis. Pitch and Yaw motion around the z-axis. Automobile universal coordinate system Different arrangements of the battery will affect the center of mass of the vehicle. For the three common arrangements, the bottom plate is laid out with the lowest center of mass, while the rear axle is placed with the highest center of mass. During the full-width frontal collision, the higher the center of mass, the greater the pitching motion of the vehicle (due to inertial forces), as shown in the following figure. The pitch of the whole vehicle will increase the center of mass, which will cause the initial kinetic energy of some collisions to be converted into potential energy, thereby reducing the energy that the front end collides with the energy absorption zone. From the simulation results of the author, the higher the centroid, the greater the pitching motion of the vehicle, and the more the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, the better the full-width collision waveform of the front face of the vehicle. In the process of offset collision, the whole vehicle will have a large yaw motion. When the center of mass is low, the pressure of the rear wheel on the ground is high, so the friction between the tire and the ground during the yaw motion is large, and a part of the friction will be consumed. kinetic energy. From the simulation results, the lower the center of mass, the greater the positive pressure of the rear wheel, the greater the frictional energy consumption during the collision process, and the better the offset collision waveform. The arrangement of the battery will have a great influence on the collision response waveform of the whole vehicle, and the collision waveform will in turn affect the design of the occupant restraint system and the movement and damage response of the occupant during the collision. However, no battery arrangement has the best collision waveform for all crash conditions. At the same time, since the power batteries can be arranged separately, there may be more forms of battery arrangement on the electric vehicles in the future, such as block layout, etc., which can more freely adjust the center of mass of the vehicle.
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