1Select high quality and energy efficient electric light source The energy saving of a light source depends mainly on its luminous efficiency. Choosing a high-efficiency light source is beneficial to reduce the consumption of lighting power. The commonly used street lighting sources are high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps. Under normal circumstances, most designers are willing to choose high-pressure sodium lamps, because at the same electric power, high-pressure sodium light flux is about 40% larger than metal halide lamps, and its fog-through performance is better, and under the same road lighting requirements ( Like the same illuminance standard), the metal halide lamp source consumes more power than the high pressure sodium lamp. However, when further research on road lighting requirements, metal halide light sources tend to have better visual effects than high pressure sodium lamps. In a sense, the visual effect of lighting reflects people's evaluation of lighting quality, and the brightness and illuminance indicators of lighting reflect information on the quantity of lighting. It has been shown in the literature that a suitable color temperature and a high color rendering index source can effectively improve visibility and clarity, and provide a comfortable visual effect. This means that the high-efficiency high-pressure sodium lamp has more red and yellow components in the light, and the vision is not good enough, but not the metal halide lamp (the light contains more blue and green components). After correcting the influence of the pupil size, the luminous efficacy of the metal halide lamp is increased from 80 lm/W to 141 lm lm/W, while the high pressure sodium lamp is reduced from the nominal 1201 m/W to 76 lm lm/W, which is only the metal halide lamp. About half of the equivalent light effect. From the perspective of lighting energy saving, the use of a light source with a large pupil brightness is advantageous for lighting energy saving and is beneficial to the improvement of light environment quality. Therefore, in urban road lighting design, where urban road intersections, plazas, park populations, or cities affected by dense fog need to significantly improve the visual environment, metal halide lighting sources may be considered. 2 select high quality and efficient lamps The higher the utilization factor of the luminaire, the greater the utilization of the light emitted by the light source. The utilization factor is mainly determined by the light control capability of the luminaire, and also related to the road width, the height of the lamp, the length of the arm, and the elevation angle of the luminaire. Some manufacturers produce lamps that now have a utilization factor. According to this data, reasonable design can be used, and the utilization factor can exceed 40%. However, the utilization factor of many decorative luminaires is very low. Although these lamps can be used in parks, entertainment venues and places where the environment is required to be used, if used on the main roads, the power consumption will increase by about 30%. . Therefore, when formulating road lighting plans and designs, they should be carefully considered and rationally selected. The performance of road-based luminaires is critical to energy efficiency, mainly due to the efficiency of the luminaires and the ageing of the light distribution. The luminaire efficiency is the ratio of the luminous flux θL emitted by the luminaire to the total luminous flux θs emitted by all the light sources in the luminaire when ignited outside the luminaire under specified conditions, expressed as η, ie η = θL / θs. In general, The reflectance of η with the lamp cover material is proportional to the transmittance. The efficiency of the open lamp depends on the ratio of the opening area S0 of the lamp to the reflective area S and the shape of the reflector. In order to minimize the loss of light in the luminaire, the S0/S is as large as possible. Therefore, when selecting a lighting fixture, on the one hand, it is necessary to select a lamp with a good reflector and a high overall efficiency of the lamp, and on the other hand, a transparent lampshade coated with titanium dioxide is selected as much as possible. Because dioxin has a good hydrophilicity and a strong function of decomposing organic substances. After the surface of the lamp is coated with titanium dioxide photocatalytic film, even if it is exposed to the outside for a long time, it is not easy to collect dust on the surface. Even if it is stained with a small amount of soot, it will be decomposed by the titanium dioxide, so as to keep the light transmittance of the lamp and avoid premature light. attenuation. In addition, the choice of a properly designed ventilator can also reduce the accumulation of dust inside the luminaire, such as a lamp respirator with a filter, which can greatly extend the life of the luminaire and slow down the light attenuation process of the luminaire. It is the same as the titanium dioxide coating. , are very effective means of energy conservation. 3 Strengthen the maintenance of lighting fixtures Maintenance of the luminaire is an important factor affecting the quality of the lighting. There are two reasons for the attenuation of illumination flux: one is that the light source itself ignites for a long time, and the luminous flux is gradually attenuated; first, with the development of industrialization, the reflector and the transparent surface of the lamp are seriously polluted and corroded, causing the illuminance value to decrease. Lamp maintenance can improve the treatment of reflective surfaces, such as the use of glass aluminum film instead of the traditional aluminum reflector surface of the original electrolytic polishing, which can extend the service life, and the estimated efficiency is only reduced by about 10% in 10 years. The lamp body of some new lamps is designed as self-cleaning curved glass, which can be cleaned by the action of rainwater. The general increase in the level of luminaire sealing has resulted in a doubling of maintenance work. Some foreign companies have also put photocatalyst technology into practical use, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. The use of an activated carbon absorbing filter on the luminaire can also remove the decomposition products generated by the electric light source, so that the luminaire can maintain a luminous flux maintenance rate of more than 70% at the end of the replacement period. 4 vigorously promote energy-saving magnetic ballasts for road lighting Electronic ballasts are popularized in road lighting. The main reason is that the electronic ballast itself has extremely low energy consumption, high luminous efficiency, low frequency flashing and constant power output. However, since the electronic ballast contains a high amount of harmonics, the third harmonic accounts for more than 30% of the fundamental wave, and it is necessary to increase the harmonic device to conform to the specification. In addition, the electronic ballast is a zero-sequence component, which will overload the neutral line and cause an accident. Therefore, electronic ballasts still have certain deficiencies in road lighting. The magnetic ballast is equivalent to an inductive coil with an iron core, which belongs to a linear circuit. As long as the iron core and its magnetic flux density are reasonably selected, the third harmonic content is extremely small, and generally this problem can be ignored. Energy-saving ballasts also have the characteristics of low price, high reliability, compatibility with ordinary lamps and easy to dry tissue production, which are not ideal for road lighting in China. 5 Reasonably adjust the number and time of lighting At present, most cities use the power-saving method of streetlights to turn off the lights. Although this can achieve the purpose of energy saving, it will also make the road surface unevenly distributed, which will bring hidden dangers to public security and traffic safety, and can not avoid the increase of the grid voltage in the second half of the night, which can not be truly meaningful. Energy saving. The number and time of lighting can be adjusted reasonably while ensuring functions and effects. The double-loop power supply is applied to the expressway and the main and secondary trunk roads, and the nightlight circuit and the midnight light circuit are divided into half-night halving control at the set time, and the illumination of the auxiliary road or sidewalk is reduced, and the illumination of the motorway is maintained. Branch roads, industrial areas and living areas, streets with narrow road widths can be used in the middle of the night to produce good energy-saving effects and protect the life of the lamps. To sum up, the implementation of urban road lighting energy-saving work is a systematic project, not only to carry out energy-saving design, but also to maintain and manage the system after the completion of the project, and to carry out scientific and standardized management. In addition, there must be support and promotion by government and road lighting related departments to establish a high-quality, efficient, economical, comfortable, safe and environmentally friendly lighting system to meet the needs of urban road lighting quality, lighting environment and environmental pollution reduction. .
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