Multi-level operation menu display system design
In the design of a single-chip microcontroller system, it is common to implement a multi-level menu interface on a display screen. Each level of the menu contains several items and corresponding key operations, with specific processing routines triggered based on user input. Traditional approaches often use function pointers to structure the menu as an array of structures, which includes all menu items. However, this method tends to mix menu data with the associated functions, making it difficult to modify or update the menu content without altering the code. This limits the program’s flexibility and complicates maintenance.
Some references have attempted to improve this by adding display text and button labels to the original structure, increasing its size and reducing flexibility. Additionally, the text is often stored in EEPROM, making it hard to change dynamically. Another approach involves using a window and message mechanism under the Windows system, but this requires managing complex components like stacks, message queues, and timers, which are not suitable for embedded systems.
This paper introduces a lightweight, efficient method for implementing a multi-level menu on a single-chip microcontroller. The goal is to minimize resource usage while providing a simple and flexible way to design and manage menus. To achieve this, the system is divided into two main modules: the menu window module and the keyboard processing module. These modules work independently, allowing for modular development and easier maintenance.
The menu window module handles real-time display control based on the menu switching logic. It defines two key structures: `MenuState` and `MenuItems`. `MenuState` manages transitions between different windows, storing indices for current, upper, lower, and back windows. It also includes a function pointer that points to the display routine for the current window. `MenuItems`, on the other hand, stores the content and positions of the menu items within the current window. This structure is updated during window initialization, ensuring efficient memory usage and quick access during navigation.
The keyboard processing module is responsible for interpreting button inputs. It collects and parses key presses, determining their meaning based on the current window context. This allows buttons to be reused across different menu levels with varying functionalities. The process involves checking the pressed key, identifying its function, and triggering the appropriate action, such as moving to a new window or executing a command.
An example application using the AT89C52 microcontroller demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach. A graphical LCD module is used for display, and six external buttons handle user input. The code structure clearly separates the menu logic from the display and input handling, showcasing the modularity and ease of extension.
In conclusion, the proposed method offers a compact, scalable solution for multi-level menu implementation in embedded systems. By separating display logic, input handling, and menu navigation, the system achieves high modularity, making it ideal for team development and long-term maintenance. Its low resource consumption and flexible design make it well-suited for a wide range of applications.
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