CPU, MPU, MCU, SoC concept brief

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the computing core and control core of a computer. The CPU consists of an arithmetic unit, a controller and registers, and a bus that implements the data, control, and state of the connection between them. Almost all CPUs can be divided into four phases: Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Writeback. The CPU fetches instructions from memory or cache, places them into instruction registers, decodes the instructions, and executes the instructions. The so-called computer programmability mainly refers to the programming of the CPU.

CPU, MPU, MCU, SoC concept brief

2, MPU (Micro Processor Unit), called microprocessor (not a microcontroller), usually represents a powerful CPU (for the time being understood as an enhanced version of the CPU), but not for any specific computing purposes Chip. This chip is often the core CPU for personal computers and high-end workstations. Intel X86, ARM's Cortex-A chips such as Freescale i.MX6, Quanzhi A20, TI AM335X are all MPUs.

3. MCU (Micro Control Unit), called microcontroller, refers to the integration of a computer's CPU, RAM, ROM, timing counter and various I/O interfaces into one chip with the advent and development of large-scale integrated circuits. On the chip, chip-level chips, such as 51, AVR, Cortex-M chips, in addition to the CPU, there are RAM, ROM, you can directly add simple peripheral devices (resistors, capacitors) to run the code. For example, the MPUs such as x86 and ARM cannot directly put the code. It is just an enhanced version of the CPU, so you have to add RAM and ROM.

4, SoC (System on Chip), refers to the system on chip, MCU is only chip-level chip, and SOC is a system-level chip, it has built-in RAM, ROM and MPU like MCU (51, avr) Not only simple code, but also system-level code, which means you can run the operating system (it will be considered as the combination of MCU integration and MPU's strong processing power).

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