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Korean factory collective transformation OLED: domestic manufacturers force LCD
In the past decade, LCD technology has dominated the television market. Its slim design and larger screen size have gradually led to the decline of CRT TVs, with early predictions now coming true in the consumer market. However, since 2016, there have been growing discussions about the end of the LCD era. OLED technology is increasingly seen as the next big step forward due to its self-luminous properties, accurate color reproduction, zero response delay, infinite contrast ratio, ultra-thin form factor, and flexibility.
South Korea, as the world’s largest panel producer, has taken a leading role in this transition. LG Display recently shut down its fifth-generation P4 plant in Gumi, following the closure of its earlier 3.5-generation P2 line. It's expected that the fourth-generation P3 plant will also be closed by year-end. LGD plans to invest $18.08 billion in the OLED industry by 2020, with new facilities including P10 and E6 in Paju, E5 in Gumi, and an OLED plant in Guangzhou, China.
Samsung Display, another key player, has also been closing older LCD factories for three consecutive years, shutting down its 7th-generation plant and two 5th-generation lines. In addition, they’ve built two large-scale OLED panel plants in South Korea. This year alone, Samsung invested $8.8 billion to expand production capacity, converting some LCD lines into OLED manufacturing lines.
From these developments, it’s clear that Korean manufacturers are accelerating the phase-out of smaller LCD panels, shifting toward OLED. While new technologies often replace old ones, this transition still takes time. For now, OLED cannot fully replace LCD in the short term. Additionally, due to production adjustments, Korean manufacturers are unable to meet all market demands, which has created shifts in the global LCD supply chain.
LCD technology still holds strong potential and continues to offer opportunities. Although OLED is the future direction for panel development, and global manufacturers are actively investing, in the short term, OLED faces limitations in production capacity and manufacturing processes. The commercial lifecycle of LCD TVs is expected to last at least five more years, especially in the large-screen TV segment, where cost and pricing make LCDs remain competitive.
Last year, Samsung’s shutdown of a 7th-generation panel plant caused a shortage of 40-inch TV panels. Similarly, LGD’s closures have led to structural changes in the panel supply market. But from another angle, this shift presents new opportunities for domestic LCD manufacturers. By seizing these chances, Chinese companies can build stronger partnerships and enhance their influence in the global market.
Currently, besides focusing on small-sized OLED panels, BOE primarily operates on 8.5-generation lines, which are essential for producing 55-inch TVs. They also have 4th, 5th, and 6th-generation lines for medium and small sizes. Other Chinese panel makers like AUO, Innolux, Caijing, and Huaying also play important roles. From a production capacity standpoint, Chinese manufacturers hold a unique advantage and are well-positioned to take on new opportunities.
Looking at the current landscape, the shift of Korean manufacturers toward OLED has opened up business possibilities for Chinese firms. LCD technology isn’t disappearing soon; it still retains vitality. Meanwhile, OLED isn’t likely to dominate the market immediately. However, it’s undeniable that the TV industry will undergo significant changes in the next 5 to 10 years.