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Biometric "black technology" from idealization to reality
In recent years, what was once considered "black technology" in movies has gradually entered our daily lives. Biometric technologies, such as facial recognition, have significantly advanced in accuracy and are now rapidly becoming commercialized. This transformation is not just a technological leap but also a shift in how we interact with the digital world.
Since 1997, Professor Shan Shiguang from the Institute of Computing Technology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been researching face recognition and related technologies for over two decades. However, it wasn’t until 2017 that he truly felt the breakthrough in biometric applications. In September 2017, Alipay introduced facial payment at a KPRO restaurant in Hangzhou, marking one of the first real-world tests of this "black technology." Users could simply activate the feature on their mobile app to complete a transaction in under ten seconds.
Around the same time, Apple launched the iPhone X, featuring FaceID—a system that uses 3D facial modeling to unlock the device. Banks began implementing facial recognition for ATM withdrawals, and unmanned supermarkets used similar tech for check-ins. Voice recognition was also being used for instant translation, while universities adopted iris recognition for attendance and student identification systems.
“Over the past few years, advancements like deep learning have dramatically improved the accuracy of biometric technologies, leading to rapid productization,†said Shan Shiguang. “This marks a new era in identity authentication.â€
The concept of “facial brushing†may seem futuristic, but it's just one part of a broader biometric revolution. Other methods, such as fingerprint and iris recognition, are also widely used. The term “face brushing†actually reflects the growing trend of biometric authentication in everyday life.
China’s rapid development in biometrics is no accident. In 2014, government policies mandated real-name registration for mobile phone cards, pushing the industry toward more secure identification solutions. At the same time, the booming internet sector demanded better user security, further accelerating the adoption of biometric technologies.
As a result, China has made significant progress in core algorithms, data collection, and model building. For instance, the University of Science and Technology has led the world in voice recognition, while companies like UOB have become key players in global biometric systems.
The market for biometric technologies has also exploded. According to reports, China’s biometric recognition market grew at an average rate of over 60% between 2010 and 2014, and by 2020, it is expected to reach 30 billion yuan. Applications have expanded beyond security into communication, payments, retail, and more.
Despite these advances, challenges remain. Facial recognition can struggle in complex environments, iris recognition requires precise distances, and speech recognition is affected by noise. However, both China and Western countries are working on solutions, and continued improvements in computing and AI will drive future progress.
Looking ahead, biometric technologies will become even more integrated into daily life. Imagine entering a mall where your preferences are instantly recognized, and you receive personalized offers without any manual input. This seamless experience is the next step in the evolution of biometric technology.
For researchers like Shan Shiguang, the goal is to achieve near-perfect accuracy—over 95%—to make biometric authentication feel natural and effortless. As the market continues to grow, the future of biometrics looks promising, with China playing a leading role in shaping this new era of identity verification.