IBM is betting that the core of medical artificial intelligence is "algorithms"

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into the medical field, but its role remains a topic of debate. According to Michael Jordan, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and an AI expert, doctors remain central in healthcare, especially in complex areas like oncology. He expressed concerns about the use of AI in medical diagnosis, stating that while AI may appear intelligent, it lacks the depth and judgment required for accurate medical decisions. "In the medical industry, we let the machine do a lot of medical diagnosis, which is unlikely," he said. "Many people will experience dose problems because of this poor diagnosis. In some settings, the diagnosis of AI will also be affected. The consequences of this effect may result in the death of the patient." Despite these concerns, IBM’s Watson has made significant strides in applying AI to cancer treatment. Watson has been working with the MD Anderson Cancer Center, helping classify and collect rare clinical data on tumors. This information is then used for personalized treatment, patient engagement, imaging diagnosis, and drug development. For the Chinese market, IBM sees great potential due to the country's vast cancer data and urgent need for advanced treatments. According to the 2015 China Cancer Statistics, over 4.3 million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually in China, with 2.8 million deaths each year. The five-year survival rate for cancer patients in China is only 37%, far below the rates in the U.S. and Japan. To address this gap, IBM has introduced Watson for Genomics, a tool that processes thousands of scientific papers and clinical data quickly, providing annotated genomic reports. This kind of cognitive computing can handle large-scale tasks that would be impossible for humans alone. Fu Gang, chairman of Baiyang Smart Technology, emphasized that AI should act as a doctor’s assistant rather than a decision-maker. “At present, artificial intelligence is still at a very basic level globally,” Fu said. “Some simple applications are being made in terms of hardware.” He explained that while AI tools like Watson can offer valuable insights, the final decision must always rest with the doctor, who considers the patient’s unique circumstances. In practice, AI tools have shown promise. At the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, doctors tested Watson with 1,000 cancer cases. The results showed that 99% of Watson’s treatment recommendations matched those of oncologists, and 30% of its suggestions were new or unexpected, based on the latest research. However, many doctors argue that AI is not yet capable of handling the full complexity of patient care. Sun Chen, a doctor from a top hospital in Hefei, noted that while AI can provide decision support through algorithms and databases, human judgment is still essential. “It’s like a stethoscope or imaging equipment,” he said. “AI is a tool, not a replacement.” The integration of AI into medicine continues to evolve, bringing both hope and challenges. While AI has the potential to improve accuracy and efficiency, it cannot fully replace the empathy, adaptability, and judgment that human doctors bring to patient care. As the technology advances, it will likely become an even more powerful assistant—yet the core of medical decision-making will remain firmly in the hands of physicians.

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