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Metallized paper can be made into flexible, foldable supercapacitors
If the battery is like a long-distance runner in the world of energy storage, supercapacitors are more like sprinters. They excel at short-term, high-power applications but fall short when it comes to long-term energy storage. However, a new breakthrough from engineers at Georgia Tech University and Korea University has introduced a supercapacitor that bridges this gap. This innovative device uses metalized paper as its core material, allowing for greater energy storage over extended periods.
Supercapacitors typically offer high power density, meaning they can release energy quickly, but they lack the energy density of batteries, which are better suited for long-term storage. Researchers have been striving to find a balance between these two properties. The team achieved this by developing a simple yet effective fabrication process.
The process starts with ordinary paper being soaked in a solution containing an amine surfactant, followed by immersion in a gold nanoparticle solution. These surfactants help the gold nanoparticles adhere to the fibers of the paper. Then, layers of metal oxides, such as manganese oxide, are added using the same method. The gold layer ensures conductivity, while the metal oxide layer enhances energy storage capacity. The result is a flexible supercapacitor that can be folded, cut, or bent without losing performance.
Seung Woo Lee, one of the study's co-authors, explained, “This is a very straightforward process. By alternating the solutions in beakers, we were able to create a conformal coating on the cellulose fibers. The metalized paper remains conductive even when folded or bent. We can control the nanoscale structure, and increasing the number of layers boosts performance—everything starts from regular paper.â€
The resulting supercapacitor boasts a power density of 15.1 mW/cm² and an energy density of 267.3 μW/cm², making it the highest-performing textile-based supercapacitor to date. According to Lee, there’s no limit to how large the samples can be made. “We just need to optimize the layer thickness to ensure good conductivity while reducing nanoparticle usage for cost efficiency,†he said.
Looking ahead, the team plans to explore using fabric as a base material and eventually apply the same technique to develop next-generation batteries. Lee added, “This flexible energy storage solution opens up exciting possibilities for wearable technology and the Internet of Things. It could support advanced portable electronics and even integrate with biomedical sensors, energy-harvesting systems, and military-grade devices.â€
The research was published in *Nature Communications*, marking a significant step forward in the development of flexible, high-performance energy storage systems.
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