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Metallized paper can be made into flexible, foldable supercapacitors
If the battery is like a marathon runner in the world of energy storage, supercapacitors are more like sprinters. They excel at short-term, high-power applications but fall short when it comes to long-term energy storage. However, engineers from Georgia Tech University and Korea University have developed a new type of supercapacitor that aims to bridge this gap. This innovative device is made from metalized paper, offering a promising alternative for energy storage with improved performance over traditional models.
Batteries are known for their high energy density, meaning they can store a lot of energy over time, but they lack power density, making them slow to deliver energy. On the flip side, supercapacitors offer high power density, allowing them to release energy quickly, but they struggle with energy density. Researchers are working on creating a supercapacitor that balances both aspects effectively.
To achieve this, the team used a simple yet effective process. They started by soaking a piece of paper in a solution containing an amine surfactant, which helped gold nanoparticles adhere to the paper fibers. Then, they added layers of metal oxides, such as manganese oxide, to enhance energy storage capacity. The gold layer ensured conductivity, while the metal oxide layer stored the energy. This combination allows the supercapacitor to be folded, cut, or bent without losing its performance.
Seung Woo Lee, one of the study’s co-authors, explained: “This is a very straightforward process. By layering materials in alternating solutions, we were able to create a conformal coating on cellulose fibers. The result is a flexible, conductive material that maintains its properties even when folded or bent. We apply nanoscale control, and increasing the number of layers improves performance—using just regular paper.â€
The metalized paper supercapacitor boasts a power density of 15.1 mW/cm² and an energy density of 267.3 μW/cm², making it one of the most efficient textile-based supercapacitors to date. According to Lee, there's no limit to how large the samples can be, as long as the optimal layer thickness is maintained to balance conductivity, cost, and performance.
Looking ahead, the team plans to explore using fabric as a base material and eventually adapt the process to develop batteries. Lee added, “This flexible energy storage solution opens up exciting possibilities for wearable technology and the Internet of Things. It could power next-generation portable electronics, integrate with biomedical sensors, and support energy-harvesting devices in both consumer and military applications.â€
The research was published in *Nature Communications*, highlighting a major step forward in the development of advanced, flexible energy storage systems.
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