No longer re-enact the United States. In the field of artificial intelligence, which is regarded as a key factor in future competition, the Chinese have come out of their own path.
Recently, the New York Times published a comparison of the development level of artificial intelligence between China and the United States. It believes that in terms of artificial intelligence technology, the United States no longer has a strategic monopoly advantage. At the same time, the article praised the progress made by Chinese companies in the commercialization of artificial intelligence, and believes that Baidu will become the global leader of artificial intelligence.
It has been praised by Americans who have always been self-sufficient in technology. The Chinese seem to be somewhat uncomfortable, but this situation will only be more in the future. Represented by the field of artificial intelligence, Chinese companies are gradually changing the order and pattern of world science and technology with surprising development speed and achievements.
a search engine transformation
First of all, let's take a look at Baidu, which is still a search engine in the eyes of many people. What has been done in artificial intelligence can make Americans restless.
Specifically, the New York Times commented on the development of Baidu's artificial intelligence mainly from the aspects of scientific research strength and talent reserve.
Last year, Microsoft researchers claimed to have developed software that is comparable in terms of speech understanding. As early as two years ago, Baidu Silicon Valley Lab's artificial intelligence executives said that Baidu achieved similar accuracy in understanding Chinese speech. At present, Baidu's speech recognition accuracy rate has reached 97%. Baidu's Deep Speech 2 has been rated as one of the top ten breakthrough technologies in 2016 by Massachusetts Science and Technology Review.
In addition, in other areas of artificial intelligence, Baidu has also reached the international leading level. Baidu's face recognition accuracy rate is 99.7%, and it is the world's number one in the authoritative international evaluations - FDDB and LFW. Baidu artificial intelligence has built a super-large-scale neural network, with trillion-level parameters, 100 billion samples, and hundreds of hundred million feature training, and is in the forefront of the world in terms of underlying data and algorithm architecture.
As with the competitive nature of all industries, the competition for artificial intelligence is ultimately based on talent. At the beginning of this year, Lu Qi, a senior expert in global artificial intelligence, officially joined Baidu as the group president and chief operating officer. The New York Times believes that the addition of this big-name will make Baidu a global leader in artificial intelligence and highlight China's advancement in artificial intelligence.
More importantly, as an industry leader, enterprises such as Baidu are trying to incite more industries' demand for artificial intelligence while doing technology research, and to do the identity conversion between artificial intelligence researchers and industry practitioners. In January, Baidu Yunxin released the artificial intelligence platform-level solution Tianzhi. The bottom layer is Baidu cloud computing. It consists of a cognitive platform, a machine learning platform and a deep learning platform. It provides comprehensive artificial intelligence services for customers with different needs. This is the fourth platform-level solution released by Baidu Cloud after the three platforms of “Tianjiâ€, “Tianxiang†and “Tiangongâ€. At this point, Baidu Cloud has realized a full range of intelligent platform services such as artificial intelligence, intelligent big data, intelligent multimedia and intelligent Internet of Things.
In short, Baidu relies on algorithms, computing power and data to form a moat that continues to innovate in the basic capabilities of artificial intelligence. Voice, image, natural language processing and other technologies have driven the evolution and upgrading of multiple products within Baidu. More importantly, Baidu has combined artificial intelligence with driverless driving to shake a market of tens of billions or even hundreds of billions of dollars. Baidu's current technology development and application layout, in the next three to five years, will become an important variable in the Internet around China and the world.
There are wolves behind the wolf
In addition to Baidu, The New York Times also affirmed the achievements of Chinese companies in the field of artificial intelligence commercialization. Americans clearly see that behind the Baidu representative of the group image, it is the Chinese enterprise "wolf group" ready to go.
At present, China's Internet giants Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent (BAT) are the leaders in the artificial intelligence market. Take Alibaba as an example. In July 2015, Ali launched virtual artificial intelligence customer service. According to the company's October 2016 report, the problem resolution rate has reached 80%; in August 2016, launched a comprehensive artificial intelligence solution suite cloud ET, including video, image and speech recognition technology; in the Spring Festival of 2017, Ali publicly displayed the robot Write Spring Festival couplets. Tencent is not too much to let. In June 2015, Tencent opened its face recognition technology for developers and other core technologies of U-Tech. In August of the same year, Tencent set up an intelligent computing and search lab that focused on four areas: search, natural language processing, data mining, and artificial intelligence. In September 2015, it launched the first news report robot Dreamwriter in China. It has been applied to the writing of sports and other news, and its style and logic are almost exactly the same as human authors.
At the same time, hundreds of startups, with the support of Internet + policies and capital, are also heavily involved in this industry. Take root in the various segments of the artificial intelligence and application areas. These areas include: basic services such as data resources and computing platforms; hardware products such as industrial robots and service robots; smart services such as smart customer services and business intelligence; and technical capabilities such as visual identity and machine learning.
According to iResearch, voice and visual recognition technologies currently account for 60% and 12.5% ​​of the Chinese artificial intelligence market, respectively. In China, 71% of all AI-related companies focus on developing applications. The rest of the company focuses on algorithms, of which 55% study computer vision, 13% study natural language processing, and 9% focus on basic machine learning. iResearch predicts that China's artificial intelligence market will grow from 1.2 billion yuan in 2015 to 9.1 billion yuan in 2020. In 2015, about 1.4 billion capital (76% annual growth rate) flowed into China's artificial intelligence market.
The New York Times said that since the Second World War, the United States has been at the forefront of the world in the field of computer and applied science and technology. But the balance of global technological power is gradually changing, especially in the revolution of artificial intelligence, China's power is rising. It can be said that Chinese companies have been questioned by the era of the PC era or the mobile Internet era, but in the field of artificial intelligence, which is regarded as a key factor in future competition, the Chinese have come out of their own path.
Institutional strengths and strengths
The sudden outbreak of artificial intelligence in China, The New York Times believes that the support of the system is inseparable because "Chinese leaders are increasingly thinking about how to ensure that they are competitive in the next wave of technology."
For this, Shi Zhongzhi, a researcher at the Open Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing at the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that as early as the beginning of the "863 Program" in China, the direction of artificial intelligence was included.
The task of the "smart computer system" project is to analyze the defects and bottlenecks of existing computers in the application based on the full potential of existing computers, and to overcome these problems with artificial intelligence technology to establish a more harmonious human-machine environment. . Shi Zhongzhi said. After more than ten years of hard work, China has successfully shortened the gap between artificial intelligence technology and the world's advanced level, and laid the foundation for technology and talent for future development. According to reports, China has surpassed the United States in 2014 based on the number of cited journal articles referring to “deep learning†and “deep neural networksâ€. In October last year, a White House report on artificial intelligence mentioned several footnotes, and the number of research papers published in China has exceeded that of American scholars.
In recent years, on the basis of vigorously promoting the "Internet +" strategy, the Chinese government has successively formulated a series of support policies for artificial intelligence. On May 18, 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and other relevant government agencies issued the “Internet +†Artificial Intelligence Three-Year Action Implementation Plan. The "Program" pointed out six safeguards for the development of artificial intelligence, including financial support, standards system, intellectual property protection, personnel training, international cooperation and organizational implementation. The "Proposal" proposes that by 2018, China's artificial intelligence basic resources and innovation platform, industrial system, innovative service system, and standardization system should be basically established. The National Development and Reform Commission expects that China's artificial intelligence industry will be synchronized with the international market. System-level artificial intelligence technologies and applications should be in the leading position in the market.
Patience is more important than speed
After decades of follow-up and imitation, China has finally accumulated sufficient strength to rise today, and it has reached the same starting line with the West in many fields such as artificial intelligence and electric vehicles. However, compared with the latter who has gone through industrialization for a hundred years, China's artificial intelligence must have many shortcomings.
Shi Zhongzhi pointed out that there are many problems in the research of artificial intelligence in China, such as the application of more projects, the proportion of basic research is less, and the combination of theoretical research and practical application requirements is not close enough. Due to the limitations of research funding, many topics have not achieved theoretical breakthroughs, and there is not much practical application value. He suggested that the proportion of basic research should be appropriately improved in the future, and artificial intelligence research must be combined with application needs.
On the other hand, the gap lies in the direction. According to the report of iResearch, in terms of global trends, European and American countries are gradually shifting their focus to the medical and health fields. Compared with the maturity of science and technology in the medical and health fields in developed countries, China still has a relatively obvious distance. . In addition, China also needs to make up for the scale and concept of investment. The data shows that in the distribution of global artificial intelligence enterprise financing scale, the United States, China and the United Kingdom have the largest financing scale in the world, but there is still a large gap between the three countries. The United States is 21.9 times that of the United Kingdom and 6.96 times that of China.
In terms of investment philosophy and intention, the former Chairman of the Artificial Intelligence Society, Ben Götzel, has been very representative. In his view, the US VCs will really invest in some seemingly promising technological innovations, but China's venture capital is very concerned about whether it can make money quickly, and it seems that it is not very interested in technological innovation. For example, in artificial intelligence and deep learning, Baidu has related research, but it is not the first to launch AlphaGo like Google. Because it requires companies to gather, invest a lot of resources, and the most important patience to complete.
"Baidu's engineers and developers are very smart. The reason why they didn't make AlphaGo is because it doesn't seem to make money." Google is willing to invest, so it can make cool things."
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