Power converter topologies have been based on analog technology for decades. While most converters use switching techniques and pulse width modulation (PWM), the circuit components are primarily analog because of the compatibility of the power semiconductor devices at the processing level and cost considerations. However, this situation is changing. In the process of significantly improving the efficiency of data centers and telecommunications systems, analog technology and its circuits expose its own shortcomings. Digital power management and control provides real-time intelligence that allows system developers to build power systems that automatically adapt to changes in the operating environment and optimize the efficiency of each specific application. The intelligent digital power IC automatically compensates for changes in load and system temperature, and utilizes adaptive dead time control, dynamic voltage regulation, frequency shifting, phase reduction, and current discontinuity mode switching to achieve energy savings. The high cost of digital power has always been a barrier to rapid acceptance, but the latest devices are rapidly eliminating price differences between analog and digital controls, such as Intersil's ZL8800. Digital power efficiency and cost are now quite comparable. It is even better than analog power conversion solutions with more advanced features. Most importantly, pulse width modulation (PWM), loop control, and feedback are digital. The analog signal is converted to a digital signal using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). After the signal is digitally converted, the microcontroller, digital signal processor, or computing state machine can control the digital pulse width modulation and feedback loop. This has important advantages for maintaining stability, and there is no problem of slow response speed that often occurs in analog control. Although digital control has many advantages, a large number of vendors do not take full advantage of the advantages of this technology. In many cases, only the core analog PWM technology uses digital form. Digital control allows for a more flexible control loop, using multi-frequency control to adjust each algorithm to handle events that occur at different speeds. Traditional digital PWM controllers use uniform sampling. The controller collects an output voltage error sample and calculates the duty cycle required for the next switching cycle based on the sampling result. The downside of the uniform sampling controller is that there is a delay or group delay from the error sampling to the PWM controller switching power supply circuit. The group delay causes a phase lag that increases with frequency and limits the maximum closed loop bandwidth. Multi-frequency control provides a stable power supply and reacts almost immediately to sudden changes in voltage, that is, responds within a PWM switching cycle. The only way this conversion architecture can achieve this capability is to use variable-frequency switching techniques to use higher frequency sampling and control when voltages change rapidly. But this method does not work for many systems. Modern telecommunications equipment and other applications that require strict electromagnetic compatibility require operation at a fixed frequency to maintain a tightly controlled noise spectrum. Another approach is to use a proportional gain that is linear with the error voltage deviation. A fixed-frequency control with proportional gain can achieve a single-cycle response, but a fast response loop gain can cause instability. The charge mode (ChargeMode) technology developed by Intersil for the ZL8800 dual/dual-phase DC/DC controller uses a uniform and multi-frequency sampling hybrid method to sample the error multiple times and calculate the modulated signal in one switching cycle. This technology greatly reduces group latency and therefore supports very high working bandwidth. The phase lag is significantly reduced due to the reduced group delay. The ZL8800 also features a dual-edge modulator that outperforms its competing 'leading edge' modulators in terms of total group delay. Figure 1 shows the ZL8800 dual sampling technique. With either sample rate, the total delay (tdelay) is equal to the sum of the ADC conversion delay and the calculated delay (including channel/filter delay). As shown in Figure 1, when using a higher frequency NxFsw clock, the tdelay of the ZL8800 is significantly lower than the traditional uniform sampling PWM modulator. High Speed Edge Sealing Machine High Speed Edge Sealing Machine,Woven Bag Small Sealing Machine,Household Woven Bag Sealing Machine,Fully Automatic Woven Bag Sealing Machine Dongguan Yuantong Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.ytbagmachine.com