In order to improve the safety of vehicle driving, automotive engineers in various countries are committed to the research work of automotive braking systems. The anti-lock brake system is one of the most outstanding applications of automobile braking technology in automobiles. The anti-lock brake system can make the car maintain directional stability and shorten the braking distance when braking, which effectively improves the safety of driving. Let's take a look at the classification and performance characteristics of anti-lock brake systems. 1. Classification of anti-lock brake system First, it is classified according to manufacturers, and second, it is classified according to control channels. The following mainly introduces the method of classification by channel. In the anti-lock brake system, the brake pipeline that can independently adjust the brake pressure is called the control channel. The control channel of the ABS system (ABS control method) is divided into four-channel type, three-channel type, two-channel type and one-channel type. (1) Four-channel The four-channel ABS has four wheel speed sensors. In the pipelines leading to the four wheel brake cylinders, there is a brake pressure regulator device for independent control to form a four-channel control form. Guangzhou Honda uses a four-channel ABS device. Performance characteristics: Since the four-channel ABS is controlled independently for each wheel according to the signal input from the wheel speed sensor of each wheel, the adhesion coefficient utilization rate is high, and the maximum adhesion of each wheel can be utilized to the maximum extent during braking. The four-channel control method is especially suitable for road surfaces with close wheel adhesion coefficients on the left and right sides of the car, which not only can obtain good directional stability and directional control capabilities, but also can obtain the shortest braking distance. However, if the adhesion coefficients of the two left and right wheels of the car differ greatly (such as partial water accumulation or icing on the road surface), the ground braking forces of the two wheels during braking will differ greatly. The side with the greater power will run away and cannot keep the car in the predetermined direction, which will affect the stability of the car's braking direction. Therefore, when driving on slippery roads such as partially icy or stagnant water, the driver should reduce the speed of the vehicle, and not blindly superstition the ABS device. (2) Three-channel The three-channel ABS is an independent control of the two front wheels, and the two rear wheels are controlled together according to the principle of low selection (that is, the two wheels are controlled by one channel to ensure that the wheels with less adhesion are not locked), also known as hybrid control. The Santana 2000GSi is used in this ABS device. Performance characteristics: When the two rear wheels are controlled together according to the principle of low selection, it can ensure that the braking force of the left and right rear wheels is equal under various conditions. Even if the adhesion coefficients of the wheels on both sides differ greatly, the braking force of both wheels Limited to a low level of adhesion, so that the braking force of the two rear wheels is always balanced, ensuring that the car has good directional stability when braking under various conditions. Of course, when the two rear wheels are controlled together according to the principle of low selection, there may be a problem that the adhesion of the rear wheel on the side with the larger adhesion coefficient cannot be fully utilized, so that the total braking force of the car is reduced. However, it should be noted that during emergency braking, due to the forward movement of the axle load, the proportion of the rear wheel braking force in the total braking force of the car decreases, especially in front-wheel-drive cars, the attachment of the front wheel The force is much greater than the adhesion of the rear wheels. Generally, the braking force of the rear wheels only accounts for about 30% of the total braking force. The loss of the rear wheel adhesion is not fully affected by the total braking force of the car. In the 60 km / h emergency braking comparison test for Santana 2000, the braking distance of models with ABS is only 1 meter shorter than models without ABS, but models with ABS always have a direction and will not lose the direction. control. Independent control of the two front wheels, mainly considering small cars, especially cars driven by front wheels, the braking force of the front wheels accounts for a large proportion of the total braking of the car (up to about 70%), you can make full use of the two The adhesion of the front wheels. On the one hand, the car can obtain the greatest possible total braking force, which is conducive to shortening the braking distance. On the other hand, the two front wheels of the brake can always maintain a large lateral adhesion, and the car can maintain good steering ability. Although the independent control of the two front wheels may cause the imbalance of the braking force of the two front wheels, the imbalance of the braking force of the two front wheels has a relatively small impact on the stability of the vehicle's driving direction, and the resulting steering driver's steering effect Make corrections. Therefore, three-channel ABS is generally adopted in small cars. (3) Two-channel The two-channel ABS is difficult to take into account in terms of directional stability, steering control and braking efficiency, and is currently rarely used. (4) One-channel one-channel ABS is often called single-channel ABS. It is a brake pressure regulator set in the rear wheel brake manifold, and a wheel speed sensor is installed on the rear axle main reducer (also on the rear wheel). One for each installation). 2. Performance characteristics of anti-lock brake system The single-channel anti-lock brake system generally controls the two rear wheels together according to the principle of low selection. The single-channel anti-lock brake system cannot fully utilize the adhesion of the two rear wheels, so the braking distance may not be significantly shortened. In addition, the front wheel braking is not controlled, and the front wheel will still be braked when braking, so the steering ability is not improved, but because the two rear wheels will not be locked during braking, the brake can be significantly improved The directional stability of the time is a big advantage in safety, at the same time, it has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, so it is widely used in light trucks. In summary, although the anti-lock brake system has the characteristics of shortening the braking distance, maintaining the best braking effect of the wheels, maintaining the stability and maneuverability of the braking direction, different types of ABS devices are produced during emergency braking The effect is not the same, so the driver should not be misled by excessive publicity, should understand that the ABS system is only a device to assist safe driving, not a panacea. Only superb driving skills will benefit for life. In addition, the prices of different types of ABS devices vary greatly due to the composition and other reasons, so when buying a car, you can not only see the price level, but also see what type of ABS device is installed. 3. The advantages of anti-lock brake system When the wheel is about to reach the next deadlock point, the pressure of the brake fluid causes the airbag to repeatedly act, so that it can act 60 to 120 times in one second, which is equivalent to stopping and relaxing non-stop, which is similar to the "point brake" Therefore, the ABS anti-lock brake system can prevent the direction from running out of control and the wheels from slipping during emergency braking, so that the wheels are not locked during braking, and the tires are not allowed to rub the ground at one point, thereby increasing the friction. , The braking efficiency reaches more than 90%, at the same time, it can reduce the brake consumption and extend the service life of the brake drum, disc and tire. The anti-skid performance of vehicles equipped with ABS on dry asphalt roads, rainy days, and snowy days respectively Reached 80% -90%, 30% -10%, 15% -20%. Conclusion The application of the brake anti-lock technology in the automobile industry has not been smooth sailing in its development process, and it has experienced many hardships and setbacks. With the rapid advancement of electronic control technology, the anti-lock brake system has a more responsive, lower cost, more convenient installation, easier maintenance, and more affordable prices for small and medium-sized family cars. At present, the brake anti-lock brake device is already the standard configuration of the car.
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