Substation integrated automatic substation integrated automation system is the use of advanced computer technology, modern electronic technology, communications technology and information processing technology to achieve the secondary equipment of the substation (including relay protection, control, measurement, signal, fault recorder, automatic device The functions of the remote control and etc. are recombined, optimized, and a comprehensive automation system for monitoring, measuring, controlling, and coordinating the operation of all substation equipment. Through the substation integrated automation system, each device exchanges letters. Information, data sharing, completion of substation operation monitoring and control tasks. The dispatching centers at all levels require more information in order to grasp the operation of the power grid and substations in a timely manner, improve the controllability of the substations, and further require the use of remote centralized control, operation, and anti-accident measures, that is, unattended operations. Management model to increase labor productivity, reduce the possibility of human misoperation and improve the reliability of operations. Substation integrated automation is an important technical measure to improve the safe and stable operation level of substations, reduce operation and maintenance costs, increase economic efficiency, and provide users with high-quality electrical energy. E-Cigarette Accessories,Eco-Friendly Smoking Option,Real Electronic Nebulizer,Electronic Cigarette Use Comfort Jinhu Weibao Trading Co., Ltd , https://www.weibaoxd.com
1. Structure of Substation Automation System The development process of HHHHH substation integrated automation system is closely related to integrated circuit technology, microcomputer technology, communication technology and network technology. With the continuous development of high technology, the system of integrated automation systems has been continuously improved, and its functions and performance have also been continuously improved. From the perspective of the development process, typical structures include: centralized structure, distributed structure, decentralized structure, and fully decentralized structure types.
1.1 Centralized structure Centralized substation integrated automation system structure divides functions by information type. 'This method generally uses a more powerful computer and expands its I/O interface to centrally collect analog and data volume information from substations, centralizes calculations and processing, and completes functions such as microcomputer monitoring, microcomputer protection, and automatic control. Data input, output, control and monitoring functions are completed by the front-end machine, and the back-end machine performs functions such as data processing, display, printing, and remote communication. This structural system can collect real-time information on various analog and digital inputs in substations, complete the functions of data acquisition and monitoring, printing, tabulation, and event recording of substations, and can also complete the protection of major substation equipment and the incoming and outgoing lines. Features. This structure is small, compact, and low in cost. The disadvantage is that it has high performance requirements for the system monitoring host, and the system processing capacity is limited. It is poor in terms of openness, scalability, and maintainability, and has poor anti-interference ability.
1.2 Distributed Structure The biggest feature of the distributed architecture is that the substation automation system is delivered to the main CPU and multiple slave CPUs. Using the working mode of the master-slave CPU system, each function module adopts serial mode to realize data communication, improves the ability to process parallel multiple events, and better solves the bottleneck problem of CPU operation and processing. The distributed structure facilitates system expansion and maintenance, and local failures do not affect the normal operation of other modules. This mode can form two kinds of system configuration structures such as centralized group screen or layered group screen during installation, and is mostly used in medium and low voltage substations.
1.3 Dispersion (layer) structure The two-tier distribution control system structure of the total station control level (station level) and local unit control level (section level) is set according to the control level and object of the substation.
Station Control System (SCS): Should have fast information corresponding capabilities and corresponding information processing and analysis functions to complete the station's operation management and control (including local and remote control management), such as event recording, switch control, and SCADA Data collection function. HHHHH station monitoring system (SMS) should monitor all operating equipment in the station, provide operating status and abnormal information for the station control system, that is, provide comprehensive operation information functions, such as disturbance records, station equipment operation status, secondary equipment input/exit status and The rated parameters of the equipment, etc.
Station Engineer Workbench (EwS can perform status check, parameter tuning, commissioning and inspection of equipment in the station, as well as local and remote maintenance with a laptop. The above is based on basic functions. The hardware can be based on functions and information features. It can be implemented in a station control computer, but it can also be used for two dual standbys, but it can also be arranged separately according to functions, but it should be able to share data information and have multi-task real-time processing functions. In principle, all functions that can be completed locally at this interval It doesn't rely on communication network, but it has special function exceptions, such as the realization of distributed recording and small current grounding line selection.This structure has obvious advantages compared with centralized processing system: 1The reliability is improved, any part of equipment failure only affects Partially, the “faults†will be scattered. When a station-level system or network fails, it will only affect the monitoring part, and the most important protection control function can still continue to operate at the segment-level; any damage to the intelligent unit at the segment-level should not lead to full-scale Communication interruption of the station, such as long-term occupation of the entire station's communication network; 2 high scalability and openness, conducive to work The design and application of the process; the cables required for the secondary equipment in the 3 stations are greatly reduced, which saves investment and simplifies commissioning and maintenance.
2. Functions researched in substation integrated automation system 2.1 Microprocessor protection Usually referred to as microcomputer protection refers to the protection of all electrical equipment in the station, including line protection, transformer protection, bus protection, capacitor protection and self-preparation, low frequency Load reduction and other safety automatic devices. Various types of protection realize fault records, store multiple sets of settings and communicate with monitoring systems. 2.2 Data Acquisition and Processing Functions 2.2.1 State Quantity Acquisition The state quantities include: circuit breaker status, isolation switch status, transformer tap signal and primary equipment alarm signal of substation, accident trip signal, advance notice signal and so on. At present, most of these signals are input into the system through optical isolation, and can also be obtained through communication.
2.2.2 Analog Acquisition The typical analog quantities collected by conventional substations include: bus voltage, line voltage, current and power values, feeder current, voltage and active and reactive power values, frequency, and phase of each segment.
2.2.3 Pulse volume The pulse volume is mainly the output pulse of the pulse watt-hour meter. It is also connected to the system by optical isolation. The internal counter counts the number of pulses to achieve energy measurement.
2.3 Event Logging and Fault Recorded Wave Ranging The event log should contain the protection action sequence record and the switch tripping record. Substation fault recording can be implemented in two ways as required. One is to configure dedicated fault recorders in a centralized manner and communicate with the monitoring system; the other is decentralized, ie, the microcomputer protection device serves as both recording and ranging calculations. Then, the digital waveform and ranging results are sent to the monitoring system, which is stored and analyzed by the monitoring system.
3 Control and operation functions The operator can perform remote operation on circuit breakers, disconnectors, transformer taps, and capacitor banks through the screen of the background machine to prevent the controlled device from being operated when the system fails. The system should be kept manually during design. Trip closing method. The operation lockout shall have the following contents: the computer five defenses and the lockout system; according to the real-time status information, the circuit breaker and the brake operation lock function are automatically realized; the operation outlet shall have the simultaneous operation lockout function; and the operation outlet shall have the jump lockout function.
4 Voltage and Reactive Local Control Reactive and voltage control are generally implemented by adjusting transformer taps, switching capacitor banks, reactor banks, and synchronous camera. The operation mode can be manually and automatically, and the manual operation can be controlled locally or remotely. The reactive power control can be realized by a special reactive power control device, or it can be realized by a monitoring system according to the voltage, reactive power and transformer tap signals measured by the protection device through dedicated software.
5. Data processing and recording The history and storage of historical data are the main contents of data processing. It includes the data of the upper-level dispatching center, substation management and protection professional, and mainly includes: 1 Number of breaker operation times; 2 Circuit breaker removal Cumulative number of tripping capacity and number of tripping operations during faults; 3 Active and reactive power of transmission lines, maximum and minimum value of busbar voltage and its time, daily peak-valley value and time; 4 Independent load active and reactive power , The daily peak-valley value and its time; 5 Control operation and modify the setting value records, according to the needs, this function can be realized locally in the substation, but also in the sports operation center or dispatch center. 6 Self-diagnosis function of the system Each plug-in in the system should have self-diagnosis function, and send the data to the background machine and the remote dispatch center. The real-time self-checking function of the device, convenient maintenance and repair, can be checked in real time using various methods such as querying the standard input detection, and can quickly find faults and defects inside the device, and give tips to point out the fault location.
7. Communication with remote control center This function adds far-reaching modification setting setting, fault recording, and distance measurement signals on the basis of conventional motion “four remotesâ€. The amount of information is far greater than the traditional remote control. system. According to the requirements of the site, the system shall have the standby and switching functions of the communication channel to ensure the reliability of communication. At the same time, it shall have different communication interfaces with multiple dispatching centers, and each communication port and MODEM shall be independent of each other. The protection box's fault recording information can be connected with the independent communication and dispatching center. The communication protocol should meet the requirements of the dispatching center and comply with international and IEC standards.
8 Conclusion In summary, the integrated automation of substations has greatly promoted the modernization of power grid dispatching and on-site operation management, and improved the safety and economic operation of the power grid. It will greatly enhance the primary and secondary systems of the power grid. The effectiveness and reliability of the system are of great significance in ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.