Regarding the application of electric motors in automobiles, the United Kingdom and France have set a deadline for the ban on internal combustion engines (ICE), and China is also studying when to ban diesel locomotives. Volvo has announced that its new car will begin to use electric drives in 2019. This article refers to the address: http:// This article will discuss a powerful motor, the traction motor. It will play an increasingly important role in engine propulsion. But electric motors have dominated many other automotive applications. We may wish to conduct a typical motor survey of a car. Figure 1: Motor application in a car Existing - and increasing - electrical equipment “You have to have a better way to start the car than a hand crank,†at least your great-grandparents thought so. Electric starter motors have become part of the car. These are still the most powerful motors in addition to traction motors. With the advent of idle stop technology and mild hybrid vehicles, the starter motor is transforming into a starter generator and taking on more functions. In some designs, the enhanced starter motor can be used to "crawl" during driving after parking, blurring the boundary between the starter motor and the electric traction motor. Windshield wipers may be an example of the most common motor applications in existing vehicles. Each vehicle has at least one wiper motor for the front wiper. Rear window wipers are increasingly popular with SUVs and cars with rear hatchbacks, which means that there are rear wipers and corresponding motors on most cars. The other motor pumps the cleaning fluid to the windshield. In some cars, the headlamps pump the cleaning fluid, which may have its own small wiper. Almost every car has a blower that allows air to circulate in the heating and cooling system; many vehicles have two or more fans in the cabin. High-end vehicles also have fans on the seats for cushion ventilation and heat distribution. Want to know where the electric motor is? The power seat is the ideal place to find it. In economical cars, the motor provides convenient front and rear adjustment and backrest tilting. In the limousine, the motor controls the height adjustment, the bottom cushion tilt, the lumbar support, the headrest adjustment and the seat cushion stability. Other seat functions that use electric motors include power seat folding and power loading in the rear seats. In the past, windows were often manually switched, but nowadays electric windows are common; future generations will not understand that people used to use traditional round handles to lower their windows. Each window houses a hidden electric motor, including variants such as the skylight and rear window of a minivan. Drivers for these windows can be as simple as relays, but safety requirements (such as detecting obstacles or clamping objects) can result in smarter drives with motion monitoring and drive force limitations. From manual to electric, the car lock has become more and more convenient. The advantages of electric control include convenient functions such as remote operation, and automatic unlocking after collision to enhance safety and intelligence. Unlike power windows, electric door locks must retain manual operation options, thus affecting the design of the electric door lock motor and structure. Indicators on the dashboard or cluster may evolve into light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or other types of displays, but now each dial and meter uses a small motor. Among the conveniences offered, other electric motors also include common features such as side mirror folding and position adjustment, as well as more versatile applications such as convertible tops, retractable pedals and glass between the driver and passengers. Partition. Under the hood, electric motors are becoming more common in other places. In many cases, motors are replacing belt-driven mechanical components. Examples include radiator fans, fuel pumps, water pumps, and compressors. There are several advantages to changing these functions from belt drives to electric drives. One of the advantages is that drive motors that use modern electronics are more energy efficient than belts and pulleys, resulting in benefits such as improved fuel efficiency, reduced weight and reduced emissions. Another advantage is that the use of an electric motor rather than a belt makes the mechanical design more flexible, since the pump and fan are not mounted in a position that must be connected to the limit of each pulley. Technology trend Most motors in today's cars use a standard 12V automotive system that uses a belt-driven alternator to generate voltage and store it with a lead-acid battery. This structure has been good for decades, but the latest vehicles require more comfort, entertainment, navigation, driver assistance and safety features. Dual voltage 12V and 48V systems can remove some of the higher current loads from the 12V battery. The advantage of using a 48V power supply is that the current of the same power is reduced by a factor of four and is accompanied by a reduction in the weight of the cable and motor windings. Applications that may be updated to high current loads on 48V power supplies include starter motors, turbochargers, fuel pumps, pumps, and cooling fans. Placing a 48V electrical system for these components may result in savings of approximately 10% in fuel consumption. Brushed DC motors are traditional solutions for driving most of the electrical convenience features in automotive bodies. These motors are simple to drive and relatively inexpensive due to the commutation function provided by the brushes. In some applications, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors offer significant advantages in power density, resulting in reduced weight and better fuel economy and lower emissions. Manufacturers choose to use BLDC motors in windshield wipers, cabin heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) blowers and pumps. In these applications, the motor tends to operate for long periods of time rather than instantaneous operation like a power window or a power seat, where the simplicity and cost effectiveness of the brush motor still has advantages. in conclusion So, how many electric motors are there in your car? It is difficult to find a new car with less than a dozen electric motors, and a typical modern car on American roads may have 40 or more electric motors. The increasing popularity of electric vehicles will stimulate innovation in automotive motors. However, electric motors have become very popular throughout ICE-propelled vehicles, and as each model year is being updated, they make these applications more convenient, with better intelligent systems and a safer operating environment, while reducing Environmental impact. We still have a lot of room for development. Incremental Encoder is commonly used, and Absolute Encoder is used if there are strict requirements on position and zero position. Servo system should be analyzed in detail, depending on the application situation. 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