Structure and classification of LDO linear regulator

Crystal oscillator
Probe current voltage pin 420*4450 head diameter 5.0 over current current and voltage pin
Crystal resonator 2.5*2.0mm 2520 16MHZ (16.000MH
Photocoupler

LDO linear regulators are often used as an aid to design engineers and are often selected for later stages of product development. Design engineers are concerned with how to make complex fundamental (BB) or radio frequency (RF) ASICs work, rather than the power/performance of their chosen linear regulator.

Linear regulators are selected based on the main specifications in the general performance list, rather than the very critical core and performance parameters located within the cover of the data sheet. Specifications are often misleading - the specifications listed on the cover represent only the main parameters, but lose value if not combined with other connection parameters. For example, the ground current is one of these parameters. The reason for this is that the competitive nature of the linear regulator market has made device manufacturers realize that engineers with limited time need to pay more attention to their devices. In addition, there is no real standardization in the way information is provided. Different numerical ranges, temperatures, and loads only cause design engineers to cause confusion when comparing parts. Linear regulator

Modern linear regulators offer many unique structures to meet challenging requirements. Basically, a linear regulator is an operational amplifier plus a pass transistor. The op amp uses two reference points, one is the internal bandgap reference and the other is the resistor divider circuit at the output. During regulation, the voltage across the resistor divider network provides feedback to the op amp compared to the bandgap reference.

The result of the comparison determines whether the pass transistor increases or decreases the turn-on current. This is a closed-loop system with two main poles, the internal pole of the error amplifier/pass transistor, and the external pole formed by the output current demand and the ESR of the output capacitor. The processing of these two dominant poles will affect the performance of the device and will have a major impact on the stability of the closed loop (see Figure 1).

LDO linear regulator topology and classification

figure 1

Linear regulator classification

Higher efficiency is an ongoing requirement of design engineers. This requirement translates into a reduction in Iq (static operating current) and forward voltage drop. As manufacturers increase the standard performance of linear regulators, they also have a negative impact on other features.

Universal linear regulators are designed to provide optimum overall performance.

Performance metrics that interact with each other are compromised.

Packaging choices depend primarily on cost and broad market acceptance.

Digital linear regulator

The digital linear regulator is designed to support the main digital core of the system. Modern DSPs and microcontrollers must have fast efficiencies and often higher current requirements.

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